Circuits :: electronics circuit board

Circuits, what is up with that? First you need to understand how all the parts of a circuit relate. The main thing that a circuit has is conductance and that all the parts are conductors. Conductors are materials in which electric charges move freely. If the material isn't a conductor, it is either a insulator or a semiconductor. Conductors are mainly metalic substances such as copper, aluminum, and gold. Conductors allow a charge to build up and move "freely" through the conductor. When dealing with circuits and the moving of electrons, free movement at the moment is the best movement. I will get to reasons to but a damper on the movement of electrons later. Now, if a conductor allows a charge to build up and move freely, then it should be easy to understand that an insulator is just the opposite, it might build up a charge but that charge isn't going anywhere. Semiconductors is the crossbreed of the other two types. Semiconductors are usually a conducting material that has been "do ped" or has been added to from a insulating material. This makes it so the charges don't want to move as freely but they can still move. Now, just like lightning, charges have a tendency to try to make their way to the earth if they can. This is why if you have a conducting material and connect it to the earth with a wire or something, it is said to be grounded. Grounding is a good thing to do with circuits because if there is too much charge going through a circuit, you don't want it to stay in the circuit and fry everything, grounding a circuit is generally safe. To finish off the idea of the very basic circuit, we know that it allows a charge to build up and move through it, now we need to know that the circuit must be complete. The ending picture of the circuit must make a complete loop so that those charges that like to move have somewhere to allways go. What happens if you hook a wire from one end of a battery to nothing else.....NOTHING. The circuit is not completed therefore the charges can't move off the end of the wire and continue to go. Voltage, Current, and Resistance When working with circuits, the three basic elements to anaylizing the circuit are voltage, current, and resistance. These three readings help you find out all the information you need on how the cicuit will work and they are all related to eachother through Ohm's law which states that Voltage is equal to current times resistance.

Ovarian cancer :: essays research papers

My Aunt Kathie was diagnosed with Ovarian Cancer in 1993. She was 47 years old. I remember going to the hospital and visiting her. I even remember buying a troll nurse doll. I wasn’t allowed to see her, but my mom brought me in her room anyway. She had a private room and the nurses were very nice. They give me a surgical mask and scrubs to take home. My aunt was very sick. My aunt found out about the cancer after taking estrogen. The doctors thought she was going through menopause. She had not been getting her periods. She hadn’t been to the doctors in 21 years, since she gave birth to her son. My aunt also smokes. The doctors did no testing and just put her on this medication to regulate her periods. After four months, she did not get her period. She was experiencing severe cramps and bloating. She went to the doctor to get a second opinion. When the doctor examined her he noticed that she had a tumor. The doctor recommended an ultra sound. After going for several test and going to two hospitals. They found out that she had ovarian cancer. The tumor was the size of a grapefruit. My aunt would have to have a complete hysterectomy. A hysterectomy is when they remove all of your reproductive organs. After the operation the doctor said that they had gotten all of the cancer and that she would recover.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the hysterectomy, my aunt had to go through chemotherapy to make sure that the cancer did not grow back. She went to Staten Island University Hospital cancer unit to have the treatment. She went once a week for six hours. They gave her a chemical known as Taxol or taxane. This is a drug that slow downs cell growth by stopping cell division. Normal cells grow and die in a controlled way. When cancer occurs, cells in the body that are not normal keep dividing and forming more cells without control. Anticancer drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping them from growing or multiplying. Healthy cells can also be harmed, especially those that divide quickly. Harm to healthy cells is what causes side effects. These cells usually repair themselves after chemotherapy. After six months of treatment, they said she was free of all the cancer. My aunt at the time did not lose any hair and you wouldn’t know by looking at her that she had cancer.

Assessment of Developmental Stages of a Child

The significance of milestones Milestones are usually grouped together in five major areas which are to be assessed during the growth and development of a child. They are: physical growth, cognitive development, language development, and sensory and motor development. The assessment of the physical development of a child is very important during the growth and development of a child from infancy to adolescence and also the later years, it helps in that it allows the parents of the child as well as health care workers to see if there are any abnormalities in the child during this period of time.The assessment of the cognitive development of the child is also very important in order to detect if the child has any difficulties in learning, grasping and understanding concepts such as dyslexia. Social and emotional development should also be assessed in order to see how well the child can interact with peers and other persons in order to determine if the child has or will have a phobia in the later years of his or her development.The study was conducted in the presence of a nine year old child where in all the following areas of development were observed physical development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development. The reason why this specific age was selected was because it would have provided more opportunity for the researcher to observe and assess the different areas of development vastly and on a wider scale. Letters were sent to the parents of the child explaining the reason of the research and the different areas that were being observed.The researcher presented herself in a modest way so that the child would feel a sense of comfort while under observation. The study was conducted over a four day period where the following findings were observed. Day One On day one the area of focus was physical development. The writer started out by assessing Amanda (not her real name) who is nine years old, she weighs ninety pounds and measures 4feet 9i nches. Being that she is nine years old, she has passed the some of her milestones which includes sitting up and rolling over.The researcher also asked the parents of the child other questions such as; at what age did she start creeping? At what age did she start creeping? At what age she began sitting up on her own? Among a host of other questions pertaining to her growth and development physically. This was to find out if the child had any physical disabilities during her earlier stages of growing and developing. The writer further went on to investigate how much the child could follow instructions. As a result the child was then asked to get dressed both formally and informally.The instructions were followed accordingly. She was able to dress herself properly; this allowed the researcher to see how well the child can follow instructions when given. She is able to understand, analyze and follow the directions when given. After looking at how the child followed instructions in rega rds to getting dressed, the researcher went on to observe how the child manipulated objects. This was done by placing the child in an area where different types of objects were present. She was able to differentiate between shapes and the objects that were present.Jigsaw puzzles were solved, shapes were recognized and the child was able to identify other objects in and around the play area. This indicated that the child while at play displayed great sensory motor skills and can use them effectively; she also seems to be well alert and has a great sense of humor she also seems to deal with different types of situations how they ought to be dealt with. Day Two On day two the researcher’s main area of focus was on cognitive development, this area of focus is mainly linked to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focuses on four stages. They are: sensory motor, pre operations, concrete operations and formal operations . Piaget observed that cognitive development refers to changes that occur in an individual’s cognitive structure, ability to process from childhood to adulthood. Piaget went on to state that at this stage (concrete operations 7-11), the child should be able to; conceptualize effectively, solve problems easily and create logics based on his or her cognitive experiences.The child observed was able to have discussions on a more logical basis and gave positive responses. The child was able to sit with the researcher and have discussions about her life as a little girl. She was asked different questions such as; what she would like to become in the future? How big would she like her house to be? What type of car would she like to own? Among others, she gave positive responses and seems to be well prepared for her future.She gave response such as; â€Å"I would like to become a doctor and have my own business running different from my career such as a super market or a toy store f or little kids, I would also like to own a three story house with two Toyota motor vehicles and my house is going to be surrounded by some big pit bull dogs and will be under twenty four hour security protection†. The researcher noted how effective the child was able to use the English language. She speaks the English Language fluently for a child her age.Many factors though is said to have contributed to this as the mother recalls that during her pregnancy, she read a lot. The child is provided with the proper printed resources and education friendly. The child is also provided with games that will enhance her memory she has both printed and electronically inclined games to enhance her memory. This type of environment enables her to gain the knowledge and necessary skills required to be able to: 1) reason effectively, 2) solve problems effectively, 3)explore the environment. 4) have a good memory.The child was always corrected whenever she makes a mistake. Hence, the child ha s a full advantage of how to speak English language as to Creole which is dominant in her community. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development the child has passed the first two stages which are sensory motor (stage one) and pre operations (stage two). The child is presently at the concrete operations which she is almost completed all the activities that are to be done at this stage effectively. Day Three and Four The area of focus on days three and four were social and emotional development.Social and emotional development is a very important aspect of development in a child’s life. It is normally harder to pinpoint than other signs of development such as physical development. This area emphasizes many skills that increase self-awareness and self-regulation The researcher observed the child while she was interacting with some of her friends that came over to her house, since this was the most convenient to the researcher as well as to the child. Based on the observa tions the child seems to have communicated well and had no difficulty responding and interacting with her peers.At play the child seemed to be enthused and played well with her friends. She seemed to be the leader of everything they did in their peer group and was always quick to correct her friends whenever any of them made any mistakes. This is a clear indication that Amanda has no difficulties when interacting with her peers, and also seem to have pleasure during interaction with others. During meal time, the researcher had the opportunity to sit with the family for a few minutes to observe Amanda at meal time.She seems to have good etiquettes and knows how to conduct herself when she is around the table and was correcting her smaller sister when she did not conform to the table rules. She was also sharing with her parents what her teacher taught her at school about do’s and don’ts while sitting around the table at meal time. She was able to maneuver the knife and f ork properly and she was enthused in sharing some of the family traditions and norms that were passed down to her by her family with the researcher she also gave her view point on them when asked.She seems to have good communicating skills and enjoys interaction with her peers, family and also with others. When interacting with her friend she explained to them that she does not like to be shouted at also whenever her mother talks to her in a rough manner he goes to sit by herself and appears to be sad. Whenever her father comes in from work she normally runs to him and gives him a big hug. This shows that the child is emotionally attached to her parents.

How is love portrayed in Romeo and Juliet? Essay

Shakespeare portrays love in Romeo and Juliet in many ways. Their love is portrayed by images of light and dark and is juxtaposed against death, and he sets next to Romeo and Juliet the love associated with sight and appearances. In all, their love is of another world. The love of Romeo and Juliet is portrayed as otherworldly and heavenly. They are â€Å"star-crossed lovers†, with their destiny pre-determined; they and other humans have no control. Instead the control lies with fate and God. The lovers are â€Å"fortune’s fools†. This dependency on fate and otherworldly powers lend their love a sense of being something heavenly, â€Å"hanging in the stars†. With their love, they are able to rise above their world and everyone else. Their love is a means to escape the world of reality and to create their own world of darkness. This world of darkness is their consequential deaths, because their love is â€Å"death-marked†. Their love is too passionate and powerful to remain in their world, ruled by family hate and violence. Shakespeare describes love in terms of sight and appearances. Romeo and Juliet’s love is blind, they first meet at a ball, where Romeo is â€Å"covered in an antic face† and Juliet’s identity is unknown to him. Their first meeting is love at first sight. Romeo has â€Å"ne’er saw true beauty till this night† and this shows their love’s dependency on sight. During their second meeting at the balcony, Juliet asks Romeo to â€Å"doff thy name†, as names are also a type of disguise and mask. Romeo in turn replies that he is hidden â€Å"from their sight†, so that his appearance is seen only by Juliet, who has the â€Å"mask of night† on her face. Despite both of them admitting that they love each other, their love is heavily depended on their sight and the appearance of the other person. This theme is an important element of Shakespeare’s portrayed love because the play itself is based on sight, appearances and masks l ike the family name. In the play, a common theme is contrasting images of light and dark. Shakespeare uses these images of light and dark often in terms of light and day. Most of Romeo and Juliet’s meetings happen at night. At the Capulets ball, Romeo’s first description of Juliet is that â€Å"she doth teach the  torches to burn bright†. To Romeo, Juliet, the â€Å"fair sun† will be forever associated with light. But to Juliet, she links Romeo, â€Å"bescreened in night†, with darkness and the moon. In the morning after their wedding night Romeo and Juliet argue whether it is light or dark. If it is dark, they are able to stay with each other for longer, but since it is the â€Å"lark, the herald of the morn; no nightingale†, the light separates them. Light reveals and exposes, and before the light can expose the truths and realities of their relationship, they are forced to separate. Light and dark can never coexist, and symbolising their love as that show ho w it can never survive in reality. Throughout Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare employs opposing factors. One of the most potent contrasts is how he sets love next to death. Their love has â€Å"sprung from my [their] only hate†. This juxtaposition emphasises their love and how out of place it is in their society they live in. Both love and death are very strong themes all through the play and are linked. Juliet often refers to death, almost subconsciously. If she does not meet Romeo, she thinks that her â€Å"grave is like to be my [her] wedding bed†. Juliet orders that when Romeo dies, he should be cut â€Å"out in little stars†. These are not only foreshadowing the lovers imminent deaths, but the constant link between love and death in the play. They spend one night together, and the next morning Juliet comments how she imagines him â€Å"dead at the bottom of a tomb† and that he â€Å"lookst pale† Romeo replies that so does she. Exactly a day later, they are lying together again, dead in the tomb. Their love is so passionate and intense, but â€Å"violent delights have violent ends†. Instead of being that type of love that pushes and protects them from violence and death, their type of love pushes them towards it. The â€Å"violent ends† are the lovers’ suicide, they must finally meet death to preserve their love. Shakespeare does not want to portray the sweet, gentle and almost childish love, like the love Romeo thought he had for Rosaline. Instead he wanted to portray Romeo and Juliet’s love as powerful, violent, passionate, and as intense as death. Because of the way in which Shakespeare employs images and common themes, the play records Romeo and Juliet’s evolving love, from their metaphorical and  heavenly meetings at the ball with â€Å"torches† to their literal and dramatic deaths in the darkness of the mausoleum. In the space of four days, Shakespeare has encompassed a lifetime.

The Effect Of Motivation, Values And Involvement Of The Buyers In The Market

In each and every market the buyers are unpredictable and therefore strategic marketing should be in a way that the marketers influence the decisions made by the buyers. Motivation, values and involvement of the buyers plays a very important role in influencing the decision of the buyers. For a business organization to be unique from other competitors in the industry it needs to form a strong relationship with the current buyers and the potential buyers.Considering the values of the buyers, involving them in the decision making process and motivating them accordingly are some of the ways that businesses can use to influence the behavior of the buyers. There is need to research on the motivation, value and involvement of the buyer because all of the successful sales are made not because of the excellence of the products being marketed but because the marketers either consciously or unconsciously have found a human reason to why their products should sell. The marketers need to underst and the role of motivation, values and involvement of the buyers so as to have a successful sale.Businesses that misunderstand the above role end up making wrong decisions concerning the behavior of the buyer and hence they incur significant losses. Research also needs to be carried out to show the differences in the levels of motivation and involvement between buyers who are purchasing for business reasons and those who are purchasing for personal reasons. Understanding the values, motivation and the involvement of the buyers also helps businesses retain their customers and hence have a stable market and a competitive advantage in the market.Due to the above factors which clearly show the importance of the motivation, values and involvement of the buyers there is need to carry out a research so as to provide more information to businesses on this topic. LITERATURE REVIEW In a business context the behavior of the consumers is referred to as the study of the reason why consumers purc hase specific items during a certain period in a certain place. In trying to understand the concept of consumer behavior a lot of research has looked at it from a social, psychology and economics view.A lot of research has been carried to evaluate the behavior of the consumers but most of the research is carried out on groups of the consumers and fails to investigate the behavior of a single consumer without the influence of the other consumers in the market. Most of the research that has been carried out studies the characteristics of consumers in groups so as to understand the needs and preferences of a certain group of consumers (Solomon et al: 121-135). This research study will study the consumers individually to understand personal needs and preferences of consumers.Studies have also been carried out to investigate the influence consumers get from their friends, families and the society as a whole. Consumer behavior also tries to study the consumer retention, the relationship o f the consumers and the business and also the values of the consumers. Businesses need to consider the motivation of the buyers in order to improve their sales. There are two types of motivations of the buyers: psychological motivation and physiological motivation (Hauftvet et al: 889).Consumer behavior studies are carried out to determine how the consumers use and dispose the product as well as to understand how the products are purchased. Marketers need to understand the use of the products they deal with because this affects how a product is positioned in the market and how the marketers can influence the consumption of the product. Due to the fact that environmental problems arise as a result of disposal of the products purchased by the consumers it is necessary to study the disposal of products as this affects the motivation of the buyers towards a certain product.The research will extend previous studies in that it will look at the effect of consumer behavior on the society fo r example aggressive marketing of foods rich in high foods has serious effects on the health of the population (Henry, 2004: 256-262). In the early 1900’s Dither carried out a qualitative market research and suggested that the motives of the consumers are initiated by concealed unconscious needs. However, most of the theories developed by Ditcher on consumer motivations have been disregarded in the modern marketing strategies (as cited in Ziems, 2004: 211).Ditcher identified five stages involved in the motivation process as underlying need, drive, desire, goal and behavior. Consumer involvement is the increased state of awareness that tends to motivate consumers to think about a product and seek information regarding the product before they buy it. High levels of involvement of the buyers have been seen to increase the attention of the buyers towards certain products and also the consumers place greater importance on the sources of the information relating to the products.Thi s research will also investigate whether there is more to motivating the consumers rather than unaware desires or wants of the consumers. Hein, 2006 noted that the only best way to hook a buyer into buying a certain product is touching the buyers emotionally (Hein, 2006: 42). HYPOTHESES The level of motivation of the buyers affects the competitive advantage of the business. The value of buyers on a certain product affects the sales of the product. High levels of involvement of the buyers increase the information the buyers have regarding the product.RESEARCH METHODS In selection of the research methods to be used in this research, time available for the research, the cost of the research and access to the information were the factors that will be put into consideration. For the successful completion of the study it will be necessary to collect data from various sources to enable the business produce items that the buyers want and not what the business thinks the buyers want. Both pr imary and secondary methods of research will be used in this study.Secondary research will involve making use of information that has been collected in previous studies. Primary data collection methods will also be used in this research. The methods used will include mail questionnaires, use of focus groups, phone surveys and direct observations. The research will focus more on the data collected through surveys because surveys produce more specific information regarding the buyers. The surveys will have open ended questions as well as close ended questions.Due to the fact that mail surveys are generally inexpensive they will be preferred in this research to cut down the cost of the research. MEASUREMENT APPROACH Collection of the data in this study will commence by informing the expected respondents of the need to carry out the research and how their responses will be treated during the research. The expected respondents will then be sent a copy of the questionnaire through mail. S o as to minimize the chances of unanswered questionnaires the researcher will take a sample of the respondents from a group of the consumers.The sample will consist of people of all races, ethnic group and age. Follow ups will then be done through the phone to ensure that the respondents have received the questionnaires and they are willing to respond to the questionnaires. Observations will then be made to understand the level of involvement of the respondents and how this affects the market of the product. After the questionnaires have been completed by the respondents the researcher will then collect all the questionnaires and analyze the data acquired.Analysis of the data will be carried out by use of SPSS and then graphs and charts will be derived from the data to present the data in a more clear way. The researcher will then collect secondary information from previous studies that have been carried out. The secondary information combined with the primary information will then be used to show how the values, motivation and the involvement of the buyers affect the market of the product. Statistical analysis will also be carried out on the data collected to test for validity and reliability of the data.DISCUSSION For the successful completion of this research contributions will be drawn from earlier researchers in the area. The marketers will also be expected to participate in the research in that they will give experiences on how the values, motivation and involvement of the consumers have affected the marketing of their products. One of the major difficulties expected during the research is unwilling respondents. This will result to unanswered questionnaires hence gaps in the expected data.An error may occur in the observation method of collecting information, this happens when the researcher observes the wrong behaviors of the sampled population. There will be need for further research in this area to clearly identify the measures that business organizat ions should take to ensure that the buyers are more involved in the business activities. WORD COUNT: 1, 480 WORK CITED Haugtvedt P. Curtis, Paul Herr and Frank R. Kardes, (2008), Handbook of consumer psychology, Illustrated Edition, New York, CRC Press Hein, K. (2006, October 2). Inside the Mind of the Marketer.Brandweek, 47(36), 16-21. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from the Academic Search Complete database Henry Assael, (2004), consumer behavior: a strategic approach, illustrated Edition, Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Publishers Solomon R Michael, Gary J. Bamossy, Soren Askegaard, (2001), Consumer behavior: A European perspective, Second Edition, New York, Prentice Hall Publishers. Ziems, D. (2004, June). The Morphological Approach for Unconscious Consumer Motivation Research. Journal of Advertising Research, 44(2), 210-215. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from EJC database

Religious Architectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious Architectures - Essay Example The Masjid e Nabwi also known as the Prophet’s Mosque is the second holiest place of worship for Muslims. It is the largest mosque of the world which is also the resting place for Prophet Muhammad and two Caliphs of Islam namely Abu Bakr and Umar. The original mosque was built by the Prophet himself in 622 CE. The mosque was built in a rectangular shape; the walls were made using palm trunks and mud and the ceiling was made using palm fronds. The mosque had a raised platform where the holy book of Islam, the Quran was recited. This place was not only a place of worship but also a court, religious school and a community center where politics and other fundamental issues were discussed. Today this mosque is 100 times larger than the original mosque. The place where Prophet Muhammad used to preach was beside palm tree wood which was replaced by a ‘minbar’ in 628. This was done so the Prophet could be higher than the crowd and it would be easier to lead the prayer or address the crowds. The mosque now has two floors where prayers are offered. The roof is also used during peak times to accommodate the worshippers. The green dome is called ‘Ar-Rawdah’ and is situated above Muhammad’s grave. It is also called the ‘Dome of the Prophet’. The mosque has a total of 27 domes. There are holes in the base of each dome; this is done so the interior is kept illuminated. The mosque has 10 minarets. Minarets and dome are important distinctive architectural elements of a mosque. Minarets are useful because they give a visual focal point and they are also used as a vantage point for ‘adhaan’, the call for prayer. Minarets also provide a natural ventilation system. As the dome gets heated by the sun the air is drawn in from the windows and up and out the minarets. There is a ‘mihrab’ in every mosque to mark the direction of the ‘qibla’ (where the worshippers face towards while offering praye rs). The Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence and the first great basilica there. It was built in the place of the 9th century worship place of Santa Maria delleVigne. In 1221, after the site was assigned to the Dominican Order, a new church was built which was designed by Fra Ristoro da Campi and Fra SistoFiorentino. The church has the basic architectural elements of a church; the basilica, the stained glass windows and the Latin cross. The interior of the church is built based on the basilica plan as a Latin cross. It is separated into a nave and a short transept. The nave which is 100 meters in length is designed this way to give an impression of graveness. Stained glass windows are a common part of a church. They represent religious scenes or figures as well provide sufficient natural light in the church. Some people also associate this entering of light with Christ. The ones in Santa Maria church date back to the 14th and 15th century. The chapels of the church include F ilippoStrozzi, Gondi Chapel, Cappella Strozzi di Mantova, Della Pura, Rucellai Chapel, Bardi Chapel, Sacristy and the Spanish Chapel. Chapels are small rooms situated within a church. The Sistine Chapel is of great importance for the Christians as it is the home of the Pope in Vatican City. Known for its architectural designs and decoration done by the Renaissance artists such as Pietro Perugino, Sandro Botticelli, Michelangelo and Pinturicchio the chapel has been a place for functionary papal happenings and religious endeavors. It is also the venue where the new Pope is chosen. The Sistine Chapel is also famed for Papal Conclaves. When a conclave takes place, a chimney is fitted in the chapel’s roof for signaling with smoke. When white smoke is seen rising from the chimney, it is a sign that a new pope has been selected. The smoke results

Motivation Letter (as to why my university should choose me to be the Essay

Motivation Letter (as to why my university should choose me to be the graduate representative speaker at graduation) - Essay Example The lecturers are always ready to listen, and advice me when I seek their help and have mentored my leadership. University life has made me successful, and it would be an honor to express my regards in reciprocation. The special relationships that I had with the lecturers contributed greatly to my personal growth. They taught me crucial values, which I still practice to date. Consequent to their mentorship, I attained a personality that has made me achieve my dreams in life. My heart overflows with gratitude to them, because of influencing my life positively, and would appreciate an opportunity to appreciate them in kind through service delivery to the institution. Members of staff also played a great role in my life. They were always friendly to me, and took their time to help, whenever I sought their help. Their cooperation allowed me to have an easy time in campus, and I would like to demonstrate results of their efforts. Having been a social student, I always made use of available opportunities to interact with other students in the University. I participated in most of the school opportunities, which gave me a platform to meet and bond with other students. Following these interactions, I managed to build strong relationships with my fellow students, and this motivates me to represent them during the